Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
Published on: April 1, 2017
Disclinations and disconnections in minerals and metals
John P Hirth1, Greg Hirth2, Jian Wang3
1Private address, Green Valley, AZ 54614; jphmdh8@gmail.com jianwang@unl.edu.
Abstract:
A different type of defect, the coherency disclination, is added to disclination types. Disconnections that include disclination content are considered. A criterion is suggested to distinguish disconnections with dislocation content from those with disclination content. Electron microscopy reveals unit disconnections in a low albite grain boundary, defects important in grain boundary sliding. Disconnections of varying step heights are displayed and shown to define both deformed and recovered structures.
Related Concept Videos
Metallic Solids
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
Bonding in Metals
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions
Types of Chemical Bonds
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...

