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Dietary patterns and cancer risk.
Susan E Steck1, E Angela Murphy2
1Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. stecks@mailbox.sc.edu.
Nature Reviews. Cancer
|December 19, 2019
Summary
Dietary patterns significantly influence cancer risk, with effectiveness varying by cancer type and individual factors. Future research should explore biomarkers and mechanisms for personalized cancer prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Dietary patterns are increasingly recognized for their role in cancer prevention.
- Epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have linked specific dietary patterns to various cancer types.
- Existing research includes both data-driven and investigator-defined dietary approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of dietary patterns and cancer.
- To critically evaluate new research developments in the field.
- To identify future research priorities for diet-based cancer prevention.
Main Methods:
- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies.
- Analysis of data-driven dietary patterns and investigator-defined dietary indexes.
- Consideration of emerging techniques like metabolomics and advanced statistical methods.
Main Results:
- Established epidemiological associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk.
- Potential for metabolomics and novel statistical techniques to offer deeper insights.
- Animal models show promise for elucidating disease-specific mechanisms.
- Effectiveness of dietary recommendations may be modulated by cancer type and individual risk factors.
Conclusions:
- The link between diet and cancer is complex, influenced by numerous factors.
- Personalized cancer prevention strategies may require consideration of individual profiles.
- Further research is needed to refine dietary guidelines for cancer prevention.
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