[Clinical results after surgical treatment for non-selective case with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture]

To observe the clinical prognosis and surgical treatment results in patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture, and to discuss the risk factors, methods & timing of treatment.

From January 2006 to February 2019, 23 patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture were admitted to the department of cardiac surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, including 12 males (52.2%) and 11 females (47.8%), aged (64.26 ±11.09) years. Among them, 18 cases underwent operation, and 5 cases did not receive surgical treatment. The clinical data and follow-up data were summarized retrospectively.

Among the patients treated with operation, the average time from perforation to operation was (19.39 ±13.67) d, including 6 cases (33.3%) of perforation within 1 week, 6 cases (33.3%) within 2 to 4 weeks and 6 cases (33.3%) more than 4 weeks. Emergency surgery was performed in 11 cases (61.1%) because of hemodynamic instability, and selective operation in 7 cases (38.9%). Direct enlarged patch was used in 13 cases (72.2%), and some infarct exclusion techniques were used in 5 patients (27.8%). In 18 cases, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 12 cases (66.7%). Of all the surgical patients, 7 (38.9%) died during hospitalization. Compared with the survival patients, the perioperative death patients had earlier perforation [(1.83±0.75) d vs. (5.22 ±4.66) d, P=0.019] and higher emergency operation rate (100% vs. 36.4%, P=0.009) and lower simultaneous bypass grafting rate (28.6% vs. 90.1%, P=0.008). The median follow-up time was 2 years (3 months to 10 years). 2 patients died of heart failure in 2 months after operation, and 9 cases (50.0%) survived for a long time. Of the 5 patients who had not been treated, 2 died while waiting for operation, and 3 patients who refused surgery died within 1 week after discharge.

Surgery is an effective treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular septum perforation. The best time for operation should be determined by real-time evaluation and monitoring, combined with the situation of patients. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting may be beneficial to these patients.