Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
Published on: February 10, 2023
Risk factors of systematic biliary complications in patients with gallbladder stones
Zhe Cao1, Jinghua Wei1, Ning Zhang1
1Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
Background:
Gallbladder stone with symptom is an indication of cholecystectomy according to the current guideline. However, about 80% of gallstone patients are asymptomatic. The identification of gallbladder stone patients likely to develop symptomatic complications would be of benefit in clinical practice.
Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for asymptomatic gallstone diseases developing into a gallstone-related biliary event.
Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated 1284 patients with gallstones and received laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The age-gender-matched patients were divided into the acute cholecystitis group (group A), biliary colic group (group B), and asymptomatic gallstone group (group C). Baseline clinical characteristics and serum biochemical indexes were recorded and analyzed among the groups. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed to determine the risk factors.
Results:
The incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and sludge was higher in group A than in group B and in group C. The concentrations of plasma HDL in group A were lower than those in group B and group C (P < 0.05, 1.12 ± 0.19, vs. 1.21 ± 0.22, vs. 1.21 ± 0.21). Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.07-1.56, P = 0.028), sludge (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18, P = 0.022), HDL (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.70-1.02, P = 0.045), and FBG (1.91, 95% CI 1.26-2.90, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with biliary events.
Conclusions:
Diabetes, sludge, and lower blood HDL level are risk factors for symptomatic gallstone diseases.
Related Concept Videos
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

