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[Acute eosinophilic pneumonia and illicit psychoactive substance use]
M Underner1, J Perriot2, G Peiffer3
1Unité de recherche clinique, université de Poitiers, centre hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France.
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|December 22, 2019
Summary
Illicit psychoactive substance (IPAS) use is linked to acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP), a serious lung condition. Early identification of IPAS use is crucial for managing AEP, particularly in young adults.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Toxicology
- Public Health
Background:
- Illicit psychoactive substance (IPAS) use is associated with various respiratory complications.
- Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is one such severe pulmonary manifestation.
- Understanding the link between specific IPAS and AEP is critical for diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on AEP in users of illicit psychoactive substances.
- To identify patterns and characteristics of AEP associated with cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamine use.
- To emphasize the importance of inquiring about IPAS use in patients presenting with AEP.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of case reports detailing AEP in IPAS users.
- Inclusion of data on cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamine users.
Main Results:
- AEP cases were reported in users of cannabis, cocaine (crack), heroin, and amphetamine.
- Severe outcomes included acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and fatality.
- The interval between last IPAS use and hospital admission was consistently short (less than 15 days).
Conclusions:
- IPAS use should be actively investigated in patients with AEP, especially young adults.
- Prompt cessation of IPAS consumption is vital for managing AEP.
- Healthcare providers should counsel and support IPAS users in quitting.