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Regression Equations of Respiratory Impedance Measured by Forced Oscillation Technique for Indian Children
Sajal De1, Nalok Banerjee2, R R Tiwari2
1National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Kamla Nehru Hospital Building, Gandhi Medical College Campus, Bhopal, 462001, India. sajalde@yahoo.com.
Insights
Regression equations for respiratory impedance in Indian children aged 5-17 were developed. Standing height was the strongest predictor, showing impedance decreases with increased height.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Respiratory Physiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Assessing respiratory impedance is crucial for understanding lung function in children.
- Limited data exists for respiratory impedance in Indian pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish regression equations for within- and whole-breath respiratory impedance in Indian children aged 5 to 17 years.
- To identify key anthropometric predictors of respiratory impedance in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cross-sectional study involving 320 healthy Indian children (5-17 years).
- Respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) measured using the forced oscillation technique (FOT) at 5, 11, and 19 Hz.
- Multiple linear regression models used to develop equations for Rrs and Xrs, stratified by gender.
Main Results:
- Standing height emerged as the most significant predictor of both Rrs and Xrs.
- Respiratory impedance generally decreased with increasing standing height.
- Boys aged 16+ showed significantly lower Rrs compared to girls of the same age.
Conclusions:
- Novel regression equations for respiratory impedance in Indian children (5-17 years) are presented.
- The R5 values for Indian children were found to be comparable to international data.
- These equations provide valuable reference data for pediatric respiratory health assessments in India.
Objective:
To develop regression equations of within and whole-breath respiratory impedance for Indian children aged 5 to 17 y.
Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 to 17 y old school children of Bhopal, India. Healthy children were identified by physical examination and by administering questionnaire. The respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) were measured at frequency of 5, 11, and 19 Hz by forced oscillation technique (FOT). The regression equations of within and whole-breath Rrs and Xrs were developed separately for boys and girls by multiple linear regression models.
Results:
Total 336 children were recruited and data of 320 healthy children (boys - 159), standing height of 146.1 ± 16.6 cm and body mass index of 17.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2 were included in the analysis. The mean respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz (X5) of the children, irrespective of gender were 5.46 ± 2.10 cmH2O/L/s and - 1.43 ± 0.85 cmH2O/L/s respectively. Boys of age 16 y and older had significantly smaller Rrs as compared to girls of corresponding age (p < 0.05). The standing height of children had the highest predictive power, followed by age in the regression model. With an increase in standing height, the magnitude of both Rrs and Xrs values of children decrease. The bodyweight of children had a negligible contribution to the regression models.
Conclusions:
The regression equations of within- and whole-breath Rrs and Xrs of Indian children aged 5 to 17 y are presented for the first time. The R5 values of Indian children were comparable to children of other ethnicities.
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