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Ultra-low HIV-1 p24 detection limits with a bioelectronic sensor.

Eleonora Macchia1,2, Lucia Sarcina1, Rosaria Anna Picca1

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|December 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Early diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) is crucial. A novel label-free sensor offers ultra-sensitive, single-molecule detection of HIV-1 p24 protein for rapid point-of-care diagnostics.

Keywords:
Electrolyte-gated thin-film transistorsHIV-1 p24 detectionOrganic bioelectronicsSingle molecule detection with a transistor (SiMoT)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Early diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) is critical for effective treatment and preventing disease spread.
  • Current diagnostic methods may lack the sensitivity or speed required for optimal point-of-care applications.
  • There is a need for low-cost, ultra-sensitive technologies for rapid HIV-1 detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a label-free, single-molecule detection method for HIV-1.
  • To utilize a novel single-molecule transistor (SiMoT) sensor for HIV-1 p24 capsid protein detection.
  • To establish a low-cost, highly sensitive point-of-care diagnostic technology.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (FET) sensor.
  • Bio-functionalization of the FET gate with antibodies against HIV-1 p24 capsid protein.
  • Demonstration of label-free, single-molecule detection using the SiMoT sensor.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a limit of detection at the single protein level for HIV-1 p24.
  • Established a limit of quantification in the range of 10 molecules.
  • Demonstrated the potential for ultra-sensitive, label-free detection of a key HIV-1 biomarker.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed SiMoT sensor enables precise, single-molecule quantification of HIV-1 p24 protein.
  • This technology facilitates early diagnosis by detecting biomarkers at very low concentrations.
  • Paves the way for cost-effective, point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases.