[Cardiac dysfunction and the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome].

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Sleep Medicine
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Cardiac insufficiency impacts 2% of the population, with sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) as a significant risk factor and aggravator.
• SAS is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (70%), hypertension (65%), stroke (60%), and atrial fibrillation (50%), increasing cardiovascular mortality by 2-3 times.
• Pathophysiological mechanisms include nocturnal hypoxia, CO2 fluctuations, intrathoracic pressure changes, and sleep arousals, leading to sympathetic hyperactivity, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the critical link between sleep apnoea syndrome and cardiac insufficiency.
• To emphasize the need for integrated management strategies for patients with both conditions.

Main Methods:

• This study reviews existing literature and clinical data on the co-occurrence and impact of SAS in patients with cardiac dysfunction.
• Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms linking SAS to cardiovascular complications.

Main Results:

• Sleep apnoea syndrome is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with various cardiovascular conditions, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.
• The combination of intermittent hypoxia, sympathetic hyperactivity, and inflammation driven by SAS exacerbates myocardial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

• Integrated management of sleep apnoea syndrome and cardiac conditions is essential for patients with myocardial dysfunction.
• Further research is needed to establish clear care pathways and define the roles of cardiological and pulmonary interventions.