Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

609
Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
609
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

944
Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
944
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

825
Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
825
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

2.0K
Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
2.0K
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

10.4K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
10.4K
Bernoulli's Equation00:59

Bernoulli's Equation

14.8K
In the middle of the nineteenth century, it was observed that two trains passing each other at a high relative speed get pulled towards each other. The same occurs when two cars pass each other at a high relative speed. The reason is that the fluid pressure drops in the region where the fluid speeds up. As the air between the trains or the cars increases in speed, its pressure reduces. The pressure on the outer parts of the vehicles is still the atmospheric pressure, while the resultant...
14.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polyphenols as next-generation prebiotics targeting intestinal mucosal tolerance.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2026
Same author

Oleacein prevents metabolic dysfunction-associated hepatic steatosis and dyslipidaemia in ApoE-KO mice.

Food & function·2026
Same author

Identification of colorectal malignancies enabled by phasor-based autofluorescence lifetime macroimaging and ensemble learning.

Biophotonics discovery·2026
Same author

Distress in Family Members of Patients With Delirium in an Acute Palliative Care Unit - A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

The American journal of hospice & palliative care·2026
Same author

Claudin and Rab proteins are key molecular components involved in coccidiosis resistance in Portuguese Merino sheep.

Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE·2025
Same author

Wearable Multispectral Sensor for Newborn Jaundice Monitoring.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Spectroscopy and Ground-State Transfer of Ultracold Bosonic ^{39}K^{133}Cs Molecules [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 203401 (2025)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Lifetime of the ^{2}F_{7/2} Level in Yb^{+} for Spontaneous Emission of Electric Octupole Radiation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 213001 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Laser-Plasma Based Seeded Free Electron Laser in the High-Gain Regime.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Parent Hamiltonians for Stabilizer Quantum Many-Body Scars.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Role of Spin-Isospin Symmetries in Nuclear β-Decays.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.7K

Flux Tube S-Matrix Bootstrap.

Joan Elias Miró1, Andrea L Guerrieri2, Aditya Hebbar3

  • 1CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, Route de Meyrin 385, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|December 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We constrain quantum field theory S-matrices using UV completion, impacting flux tube (FT) physics and energy levels. A boundary S-matrix reveals a world-sheet axion resonance.

More Related Videos

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

12.9K
Development of a Microfluidics-Based Approach for Investigating Microtubule Polymer Mechanics
06:03

Development of a Microfluidics-Based Approach for Investigating Microtubule Polymer Mechanics

Published on: May 30, 2025

702

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.7K
Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

12.9K
Development of a Microfluidics-Based Approach for Investigating Microtubule Polymer Mechanics
06:03

Development of a Microfluidics-Based Approach for Investigating Microtubule Polymer Mechanics

Published on: May 30, 2025

702

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • High Energy Physics

Background:

  • Bootstrap methods are crucial for determining S-matrices in quantum field theories.
  • Flux tube (FT) physics and effective actions involve Wilson coefficients of irrelevant operators.
  • Understanding low-energy expansions and UV completions provides strong theoretical constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To bootstrap the S-matrix for massless particles in 2D quantum field theories.
  • To constrain the low-energy expansion of S-matrices using UV completion requirements.
  • To apply these constraints to flux tube (FT) physics and related physical quantities.

Main Methods:

  • Bootstrapping the S-matrix for massless particles in unitary, relativistic 2D quantum field theories.
  • Analyzing the low-energy expansion and its dependence on UV completion.
  • Relating S-matrix constraints to Wilson coefficients of irrelevant operators in FT effective actions.

Main Results:

  • Strong constraints on the low-energy expansion of S-matrices derived from UV completion.
  • Bounds on Wilson coefficients for irrelevant operators in FT effective actions.
  • Identified a sharp resonance in boundary S-matrices matching the world-sheet axion properties.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method provides new quantitative bounds on irrelevant operators in various theories.
  • The findings have implications for ground state energy and level splitting in large FTs.
  • The methodology is extendable to higher dimensions and theories of Goldstones, gauge, and gravity.