Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

31.1K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
31.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.2K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.2K
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

7.8K
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
7.8K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.3K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.3K
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.1K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.1K
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

26.5K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
26.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mixed-State Topological Order and the Errorfield Double Formulation of Decoherence-Induced Transitions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Quantum Impurity Sensing of Altermagnetic Order.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Prethermalization of Light and Matter in Cavity-Coupled Rydberg Arrays.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Dissipative realization of Kondo models.

Communications physics·2025
Same author

Linear magnetoresistance from glassy orders.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Rydberg Platform for Nonergodic Chiral Quantum Dynamics.

Physical review letters·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.8K

Universal Dynamics of Stochastically Driven Quantum Impurities.

William Berdanier1,2, Jamir Marino2,3,4, Ehud Altman1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Quantum impurity dynamics coupled to critical systems exhibit universal scaling. Rare events cause distinct scaling for mean vs. typical echoes, revealing insights into quantum criticality.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K
All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.8K
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K
All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical physics

Background:

  • Quantum impurities interacting with quantum critical systems exhibit complex dynamics.
  • Stochastic drives introduce non-equilibrium conditions, influencing system evolution.
  • Understanding universal behaviors in such systems is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the universal dynamics of a quantum impurity coupled to a quantum critical system under stochastic drive.
  • To analyze the Loschmidt echo and its scaling behavior in this non-equilibrium setup.
  • To explore the impact of rare events on the system's dynamical scaling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing boundary conformal field theory to formulate a generic ansatz for dynamical scaling.
  • Performing exact numerical calculations for a spin impurity driven by shot noise in a quantum Ising chain.
  • Analyzing the typical and mean Loschmidt echo to identify universal scaling properties.

Main Results:

  • The dynamics display universal behavior inherited from quantum critical scaling.
  • A generic ansatz for the dynamical scaling form of the typical Loschmidt echo was formulated and corroborated.
  • Rare events lead to different dynamical scaling for the mean echo compared to the typical echo for specific drives.
  • Results are robust against irrelevant perturbations and apply broadly within the universality class.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals universal dynamical scaling in quantum impurity systems coupled to critical environments.
  • The distinction between typical and mean echo scaling highlights the role of rare events in non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.
  • The findings offer a general framework applicable to various models within the same universality class.