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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Metamaterials
  • Wave physics

Background:

  • Acoustic vortices (AVs) are crucial for various applications, but generating higher-order and controllable AVs remains a challenge.
  • Metasurfaces offer a promising platform for manipulating acoustic waves due to their subwavelength structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize the principle of generating first-order acoustic vortices (AVs) using acoustic resonances (AR) in metasurfaces.
  • To propose a method for generating higher-order AVs by arranging AR metasurfaces.
  • To investigate the frequency tunability and multiplexing capabilities of the designed AR metasurface for AV generation.

Main Methods:

  • Generalizing the principle of first-order AV generation with acoustic resonance (AR) metasurfaces.
  • Arranging sequences of AR metasurfaces to generate higher-order AVs.
  • Discretizing continuous phase distribution to generate multiplexed AV beams with multiple orbital angular momentum states.
  • Utilizing acoustic reverse phase plates for detecting generated AV beams.

Main Results:

  • A usable frequency range of approximately 4470-4600 Hz (0.977-1.006f) was determined for the AR metasurface.
  • Frequency-adjustable AV fields were efficiently produced by altering the planar AR layer's structure and parameters.
  • Multiplexed AV beams with multiple orbital angular momentum states were effectively generated by proper arrangement of the AR metasurface.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed AR metasurface enables efficient generation of single and multiplexed acoustic vortices.
  • The method allows for frequency tunability and control over AV properties, including higher-order states.
  • The findings provide a foundation for advanced acoustic manipulation and applications using metasurfaces.