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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Twin-peak temporal regulation during human neocortical development.

Wei Wang¹, Guang-Zhong Wang¹

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China.

|December 25, 2019

Summary

Human neocortex development shows distinct gene expression patterns, with excitatory neurons regulated more in the fetal brain. Two gene expression peaks occur during development, impacting memory and neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genomics

Background:

Understanding human cerebral cortex development is crucial for its functional insights.
Previous studies identified an hourglass model for gene expression differences between cortical subregions.
The comprehensive developmental transcriptional patterns across all regions require further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the overall pattern of transcriptional differences during human neocortex development across all regions.
To identify key developmental periods and associated gene functions.
To investigate the implications for neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

Analysis of over 800 neocortex samples from lifespan transcriptional profiles.

Keywords:

Transcription Transcriptomics

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Identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during development.

Comparison of gene expression patterns between excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

Main Results:

Excitatory neurons exhibit greater regulation than inhibitory neurons in the fetal brain.
Developmental DEGs are linked to resting state, memory encoding, autism, and Alzheimer's disease.
Two peaks of DEGs are observed: one perinatally and an unexpected second peak in childhood, with the latter showing more inhibitory neuron involvement.

Conclusions:

Human neocortical development is characterized by a unique temporal regulatory pattern with two distinct peaks.
These developmental gene expression dynamics are significant for understanding normal brain development and associated disorders.
The findings highlight the complex interplay of neuronal types and functions during brain maturation.