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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Epigenetics and cell cycle regulation in cystogenesis.

Xiaogang Li1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.

Cellular Signalling
|December 25, 2019
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Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, significantly impact polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression by altering cell cycle regulation. These epigenetic changes offer potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PKD.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 are known drivers of autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD).
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, which alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence, are increasingly recognized as crucial in PKD pathogenesis.
  • Understanding epigenetics in PKD is vital for uncovering new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in epigenetic mechanisms contributing to PKD.
  • To define "PKD epigenetics" and categorize epigenetic changes in PKD.
  • To explore the interplay between epigenetics and cell cycle regulation in PKD development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetics and PKD.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs.
  • Focus on the role of epigenetics in cell cycle regulation and cystogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Epigenomic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are integral to PKD pathologies.
  • Alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications affect genes involved in cell cycle regulation, contributing to PKD.
  • Epigenetic modifications are implicated in the deregulated proliferation of cystic renal epithelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation, particularly in cell cycle control, is a key factor in PKD.
  • Epigenetic modifications in PKD present opportunities for novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers, potentially detectable in body fluids.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms offers promising avenues for future PKD therapeutic interventions.