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Folliculogenesis

Folliculogenesis

Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...

Oogenesis

Oogenesis

Oogenesis, the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...

Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

Ovarian Cycle

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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Extraction, Labeling, and Purification of Lineage-Specific Cells from Human Antral Follicles

Extraction, Labeling, and Purification of Lineage-Specific Cells from Human Antral Follicles

Published on: November 30, 2022

Functional Oocytes Derived from Granulosa Cells.

Chenglei Tian¹, Linlin Liu¹, Xiaoying Ye¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.

|December 26, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists chemically reprogrammed adult mouse ovarian cells into germline-competent pluripotent stem cells (gPSCs). These gPSCs generated functional oocytes, producing fertile mice with genomic stability, advancing fertility preservation.

Keywords:

chemical reprogramming granulosa cell oocyte pluripotent stem cell

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Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Stem cell research
Genomics

Background:

Generating functional oocytes is key for fertility preservation and ovarian function restoration.
Reprogramming adult somatic cells into germline-competent pluripotent stem cells (gPSCs) chemically remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of generating functional oocytes from adult mouse somatic cells using a purely chemical reprogramming approach.
To assess the germline competency and genomic stability of chemically induced gPSCs and their derived oocytes.

Main Methods:

Somatic granulosa cells from adult mouse ovaries were chemically treated to induce pluripotency.
Reprogramming involved chemical induction, Rock inhibition, and crotonic acid/sodium treatment.
Induced gPSCs were differentiated into primordial-germ-cell-like cells and subsequently into oocytes.

Main Results:

Somatic granulosa cells were successfully reprogrammed into gPSCs using a chemical-only method.
These gPSCs exhibited high germline competency and differentiated into functional oocytes.
Oocytes derived from gPSCs produced fertile offspring, and the cells showed enhanced telomere length and genomic stability.

Conclusions:

A purely chemical approach can robustly generate germline-competent pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells.
This method yields functional oocytes with high genomic stability, offering a promising avenue for fertility preservation and ovarian function restoration.
Chemical induction of gPSCs is a safe and effective strategy for germ cell development, crucial for genetic inheritance.