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Defining pharmacists' roles in disasters: A Delphi study.

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Pharmacists can play 43 key roles in disaster management across all four phases: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. This consensus-driven study defines their crucial contributions to disaster health.

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Area of Science:

  • Disaster Health
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Public Health Emergencies

Background:

  • Pharmacists possess unique community access for assisting disaster victims.
  • Current understanding of pharmacists' disaster roles relies on anecdotal evidence, lacking formal definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve expert consensus on the defined roles of pharmacists during all four disaster phases: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery.
  • Establish a recognized framework for pharmacist involvement in disaster management.

Main Methods:

  • A three-round online Delphi study involving 15 international disaster health key opinion leaders.
  • Expert panel ranked 46 potential roles using a 5-point Likert scale, with 80% consensus benchmark.
  • An international, all-hazard, and multijurisdictional approach was employed.

Main Results:

  • Consensus was reached on 43 out of 46 proposed roles for pharmacists in disasters.
  • Accepted roles were distributed across phases: 5 (prevention), 9 (preparedness), 21 (response), and 8 (recovery).
  • Three roles did not achieve consensus, identified as specialized for disaster pharmacists.

Conclusions:

  • This study establishes a consensus-based list of 43 roles for pharmacists in disaster situations.
  • Implementation requires jurisdictional consideration, legislative support, and targeted training advocacy by pharmacy associations.
  • Formal acknowledgment and integration of these roles are vital for enhancing disaster response capabilities.