Wireless Acoustic Sensor Nodes for Noise Monitoring in the City of Linares (Jaén)

Noise pollution is a problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Over the last few years, many researchers have devoted their attention to the design of wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs) to monitor the real data of continuous and precise noise levels and to create noise maps in real time and space. Although WASNs are becoming a reality in smart cities, some research studies argue that very few projects have been deployed around the world, with most of them deployed as pilots for only days or weeks, with a small number of nodes. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a complete system for a WASN deployed in the city of Linares (Jaén), Spain, which has been running continuously for ten months. The complete system covers the network topology design, hardware and software of the sensor nodes, protocols, and a private cloud web server platform. As a result, the information provided by the system for each location where the sensor nodes are deployed is as follows: L_Aeq for a given period of time; noise indicators L_den, L_day, L_evening, and L_night; percentile noise levels (L_A01T, L_A10T, L_A50T, L_A90T, and L_A99T); a temporal evolution representation of noise levels; and the predominant frequency of the noise. Some comparisons have been made between the noise indicators calculated by the sensor nodes and those from a commercial sound level meter. The results suggest that the proposed system is perfectly suitable for use as a starting point to obtain accurate maps of the noise levels in smart cities.