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Polarization-stabilized tunable VCSEL with internal-cavity sub-wavelength grating.

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    |December 28, 2019
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    This study demonstrates a tunable Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) using an internal sub-wavelength grating for wide wavelength tuning and stable polarization. The novel design achieves a 22.7nm tuning range and over 20dB polarization suppression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Nanophotonics
    • Semiconductor Lasers

    Background:

    • Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are crucial for optical communication and sensing.
    • Achieving wide wavelength tuning and stable polarization simultaneously remains a challenge in VCSEL design.
    • Sub-wavelength gratings offer unique optical properties for manipulating light within laser cavities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel tunable VCSEL incorporating an internal sub-wavelength grating structure at 850nm.
    • To investigate the impact of sub-wavelength grating parameters on laser performance, including tuning range and polarization.
    • To design and integrate a MEMS cantilever for efficient wavelength tuning with reduced stress.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an 850nm VCSEL with an internal sub-wavelength grating.
    • Analysis of sub-wavelength grating parameters influencing birefringence and anti-reflection.
    • Characterization of the tunable VCSEL's tuning efficiency, polarization mode, and wavelength tuning range.
    • Design and simulation of a MEMS cantilever with a 'bowknot' shape for stress mitigation.

    Main Results:

    • A wide wavelength tuning range of 22.7nm was achieved.
    • Stable transverse electric (TE) polarization mode was maintained.
    • Peak output power reached 1.6mW at 20°C.
    • Polarization suppression ratio exceeded 20dB.
    • The 'bowknot' shaped MEMS cantilever effectively reduced stress concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • The internal sub-wavelength grating structure enables wide wavelength tuning and stable polarization in VCSELs.
    • The designed MEMS cantilever provides a robust mechanism for tuning with improved structural integrity.
    • This tunable VCSEL technology holds promise for applications requiring flexible wavelength selection and high polarization purity.