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Maximum Power Transfer

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:

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Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

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Published on: March 20, 2017

Power-code division non-orthogonal multiple access scheme for next-generation passive optical networks.

Bangjiang Lin, Junxiang Xu, Zabih Ghassemlooy

|December 28, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new power-code division non-orthogonal multiple access (PCD-NOMA) scheme improves performance for next-generation passive optical networks (PONs). This advanced NOMA technique reduces transmission power, especially for flexible PONs with varying optical network unit (ONU) path losses.

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Area of Science:

Telecommunications Engineering
Optical Networks
Signal Processing

Background:

Bandwidth limitations in passive optical networks (PONs) necessitate advanced modulation and multiple access schemes.
High-data rate requirements demand efficient spectral utilization in optical and electrical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme for next-generation PONs.
To enhance spectral efficiency and reduce transmission power in flexible PONs with varying optical network unit (ONU) path losses.

Main Methods:

Introduction of Power-Code Division NOMA (PCD-NOMA) scheme.
Grouping of ONUs with similar path losses.
Allocation of ONUs within the same power domain multiplexing layer using different codebooks.

Main Results:

Experimental validation of PCD-NOMA's high spectral efficiency.
Demonstrated improvement in overall system performance for next-generation PONs.
Significant reduction in required transmission power, particularly for flexible PONs with differential path losses (e.g., 5 dB downstream and 11 dB upstream for a 14 dB loss difference compared to OFDMA).

Conclusions:

PCD-NOMA offers a viable solution for overcoming bandwidth limitations in next-generation PONs.
The proposed scheme effectively manages varying path losses among ONUs.
PCD-NOMA presents a superior alternative to traditional schemes like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in terms of power efficiency and spectral utilization.