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Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
Published on: February 23, 2017
Removal of Pb(II) Ions Using Polymer Inclusion Membranes Containing Calix[4]resorcinarene Derivative as Ion Carrier
Iwona Zawierucha1, Anna Nowik-Zajac1, Cezary A Kozlowski1
1Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
Abstract:
Stricter environmental regulations regarding the discharge of toxic metals require developing various technologies for the removal of these metals from polluted effluents. The removal of toxic metal ions using immobilized membranes with doped ligands is a promising approach for enhancing environmental quality, because of the high selectivity and removal efficiency, high stability, and low energy requirements of the membranes. Cellulose triacetate-based polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), with calix[4]resorcinarene derivative as an ion carrier, were analyzed to determine their ability for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of ion carrier concentration, plasticizer amount, pH of source aqueous phase, and receiving agents on the effective transport of Pb(II) were determined. All studied parameters were found to be important factors for the transport of Pb(II) ions. The PIM containing calix[4]resorcinarene derivative as an ion carrier showed high stability and excellent transport activity for selective removal of Pb(II) from the battery industry effluent, with a separation efficiency of 90%.
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