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Autonomous lab-on-a-chip generic architecture for disposables with integrated actuation.

Anke Suska1, Daniel Filippini2

  • 1Optical Devices Laboratory, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM-Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden.

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Summary

This study presents an affordable, 3D-printed lab-on-a-chip device for autonomous assays. The modular design integrates reagents and offers precise liquid handling, enabling complex protocols like ELISA with reduced costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • Integrating actuators into disposable lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices presents challenges in reliability, fabrication, and cost for single-use applications.
  • Existing LOC platforms often lack integrated actuation and modularity for complex, multi-step biological assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate an affordable, 3D-printed prototype for autonomous LOC devices with integrated actuation.
  • To develop a modular platform capable of handling complex protocols like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a compact, modular 3D-printed manifold with multiple injectors and unidirectional valves.
  • Integration of reagent storage, precise volume metering (2.68% error for 5 μL), arbitrary dilution, mixing, and sample injection control.
  • Modular functionalization using plug-in elements for platform repurposing.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated systematic fabrication of 6 injectors/device at a low development cost of $0.55/device.
  • Achieved precise liquid handling comparable to pipettes.
  • Successfully tested the platform with a commercial ELISA kit for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), showing comparable performance to traditional microplate methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D-printed LOC prototype offers a cost-effective and modular solution for autonomous bioassays.
  • The platform's design facilitates integration of actuation, precise liquid handling, and reagent management for diverse applications.
  • This approach significantly reduces the cost and complexity of implementing advanced assays on disposable LOC devices.