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Coconut shell derived biochar to enhance water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) growth and decrease nitrogen loss

Fengliang Zhao1,2, Ganghua Zou3,4, Ying Shan3,4

  • 1Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China. fengliangzhao@catas.cn.

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Adding coconut shell biochar to tropical vegetable farms significantly boosts water spinach yield by over 40%. This amendment also reduces nitrogen (N) leaching loss by 34%, offering a sustainable solution for N management.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application in vegetable farming leads to significant N leaching losses.
  • Limited data exists on N leaching in tropical vegetable systems and effective mitigation strategies.
  • Previous studies on biochar's impact on N leaching primarily focused on temperate/subtropical field crops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify N leaching in a tropical leafy vegetable production system (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk).
  • To evaluate the effects of coconut shell biochar on N loss and water spinach growth.
  • To assess biochar as a potential countermeasure for N leaching in tropical agriculture.

Main Methods:

  • A field experiment was conducted using water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk).
  • Treatments included conventional NPK fertilization (240 kg N ha⁻¹) and high biochar application (48 t ha⁻¹).
  • Nitrogen (N) leaching, crop biomass yield, and crop N uptake were measured and compared.

Main Results:

  • Biomass yield of water spinach increased by 40.1% with high biochar application compared to NPK treatment.
  • Nitrogen (N) leaching loss decreased by 34.0% under high biochar application.
  • Crop N uptake was enhanced by 40.3% in the high biochar treatment compared to NPK.

Conclusions:

  • Coconut shell biochar significantly improves water spinach biomass yield in tropical systems.
  • Biochar application effectively reduces nitrogen (N) leaching losses in tropical vegetable production.
  • Biochar is a promising soil amendment for sustainable N management in tropical agricultural regions.