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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model
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Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

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Post-natal bone physiology.

Rania Ali El-Farrash1, Radwa Hassan Ali2, Noha Mokhtar Barakat1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassya Square, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|January 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review covers post-natal bone development, focusing on cellular and molecular regulators of skeletal growth and bone remodeling. Understanding these processes is key for developing new bone therapies.

Keywords:
Bone cellsBone growthBone remodelingMechanical stimulationOsteoblastOsteoclast

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Post-natal bone development involves significant longitudinal growth and skeletal shape changes.
  • Bone remodeling is a continuous process crucial for calcium homeostasis, micro-damage repair, and skeletal shaping.
  • Bone growth is influenced by both systemic hormones and local factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular and cellular control of skeletal growth during the post-natal period.
  • To discuss the physiology of individual bone cells and their systemic and local regulators.
  • To provide an overview of bone remodeling physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of physiological processes in bone cells.
  • Synthesis of information on systemic and local regulators of bone growth and remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of the cellular and molecular basis of post-natal skeletal growth.
  • Explanation of the roles of various systemic hormones and local factors in bone development.
  • Comprehensive overview of the dynamic bone remodeling process.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling is vital.
  • This knowledge can inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for bone-related conditions.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on post-natal bone development and remodeling.