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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

288
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
288
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

355
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
355
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

318
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
318
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

149
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
149
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

331
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
331
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

228
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
228

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Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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Occupational kidney stones.

Deepa A Malieckal1, David S Goldfarb

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead Nephrology Section, New York Harbor VA Healthcare System Nephrology Division, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|January 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain jobs increase kidney stone risk by limiting fluid intake or restroom access. Addressing hydration and workplace conditions is key to prevention for at-risk occupations.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Occupational Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Kidney stones are a prevalent and preventable health condition.
  • Occupational factors are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to kidney stone disease.
  • Limited observational studies have explored the association between specific occupations and stone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between various occupations and the risk of developing kidney stones.
  • To identify occupational characteristics that may predispose individuals to stone disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of observational studies examining occupation and kidney stone risk.
  • Analysis of how workplace conditions influence fluid intake, urine voiding, and physiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Occupations with restricted fluid access or voiding opportunities increase stone risk, especially in warm climates.
  • High physical activity and outdoor work lead to increased perspiration and urine concentration.
  • Sedentary jobs are linked to metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for stones.
  • Spaceflight (astronauts) causes bone calcium mobilization, elevating stone risk.

Conclusions:

  • Recommendations include promoting adequate fluid intake and restroom access for high-risk workers.
  • Potassium citrate supplementation may be beneficial for certain occupationally exposed individuals.
  • Preventive strategies should consider environmental and physiological stressors related to specific jobs.