Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 31, 2025
A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
Published on: December 8, 2014
Do Mountain Bikers Know When They Have Had a Concussion and, Do They Know to Stop Riding?
Gregory Clark1, Nathalie A Johnson2, Sanjeet S Saluja1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Objective:
To establish the prevalence of concussions in mountain bikers and to determine factors that increase their risk of concussion. Secondary objectives include determination of whether mountain bikers have undiagnosed concussions, continue to ride after experiencing concussion symptoms, and if they knowingly ride with a broken helmet.
Design:
Retrospective survey.
Setting:
Seven-day mountain bike stage race.
Participants:
Two hundred nineteen mountain bikers.
Main Outcome Measures:
Number of rider concussions diagnosed, number of riders experiencing concussion symptoms without diagnosed concussions, number of riders who continue to ride after experiencing a concussion symptom, and number of riders who rode with a broken helmet.
Independent Variables:
The independent variables studied included age, gender, nationality, number of times riding in past year, style of riding (cross-country, downhill, or freeride), years mountain biking, years mountain bike racing, whether they are a sponsored cyclist, and whether they also ride a road bike.
Results:
Fifteen of 219 mountain bikers (6.9%) had a diagnosed concussion after being hit in the head while mountain biking within the past year, with older riders having a decreased risk [odds ratio (OR), 0.91; P = 0.04], and sponsored riders having a 5-fold increased risk compared with nonsponsored riders (OR, 4.20; P = 0.05). Twenty-eight riders (12.8%) experienced a concussion symptom without being diagnosed with a concussion and 67.5% of the riders who experienced a concussion symptom continued to ride afterward. Overall, 29.2% of riders reported riding with a broken helmet.
Conclusions:
The yearly prevalence of diagnosed concussions in mountain bikers is 6.9%. More than one-third of mountain bikers do not recognize when they have had a concussion and continue riding after experiencing concussion symptoms or with a broken helmet. These behaviors increase their risk of worsening concussion symptoms and acquiring a second injury.
