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Human placenta--an antibody sponge?

A Innes1, G M Stewart, M A Thomson

  • 1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Scotland.

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Microbiology : AJRIM
|June 1, 1988
PubMed
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Maternal IgG antibodies were undetectable in most mothers' blood but present in placental tissues and some newborns. This suggests the placenta may absorb these antibodies, impacting maternal serum levels.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Perinatal research

Background:

  • Maternal IgG antibodies play a crucial role in neonatal immunity.
  • The transfer and detection of these antibodies in maternal circulation and neonates are complex.
  • Understanding antibody dynamics is vital for perinatal health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and levels of maternal IgG antibodies in maternal sera and placental eluates.
  • To determine if placental tissue affects detectable antibody levels in maternal blood.
  • To explore the correlation between maternal, placental, and neonatal antibody presence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) for antibody detection.
  • Analyzed serum samples from nine normal primigravid women before and after delivery.

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  • Examined placental eluates and neonatal sera from the same participants.

    • Main Results:

    • Maternal IgG antibodies were not detectable in maternal serum samples (pre- or post-delivery).
    • Antibody activity was detected in 5 out of 9 placental eluates.
    • Antibody activity was found in 2 out of 9 neonatal sera samples.
    • No lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in any tested samples.

    Conclusions:

    • The placenta may act as an immunosorbent, binding IgG antibodies.
    • This placental effect could explain the absence of detectable antibody activity in maternal sera.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate maternal-fetal antibody transfer mechanisms.