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Rapid Analysis in Continuous-Flow Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices.

Lauro A Pradela-Filho1,2, Eka Noviana2,3, Diele A G Araújo1

  • 1Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia , Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 , Minas Gerais , Uberlândia, MG 38400-902 , Brasil.

ACS Sensors
|January 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new continuous-flow (CF) electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) with thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) offers rapid, low-cost analysis. This innovative ePAD significantly speeds up flow injection analysis for various applications.

Keywords:
caffeic acidelectrochemical sensorflow injection analysispaper microfluidicstea samplesthermoplastic electrodes

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) offer potential for low-cost diagnostics.
  • Existing ePADs often lack efficient flow control, limiting analysis speed.
  • Integration of continuous flow (CF) principles can enhance ePAD performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, low-cost continuous-flow electrochemical paper-based analytical device (CF-TPE-ePAD).
  • To integrate thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) for enhanced device fabrication and performance.
  • To demonstrate rapid sample analysis using a flow injection analysis (FIA) approach on the ePAD.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a paper-based hollow channel device with two inlet reservoirs and a pumping reservoir.
  • Incorporation of thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) made from carbon black and polycaprolactone.
  • Characterization using chronoamperometry with ferrocenylmethyl trimethylammonium as an electrochemical probe.

Main Results:

  • Optimized flow rates and injection volumes achieved analysis times an order of magnitude faster than previous ePADs.
  • The device successfully quantified caffeic acid in tea samples within a linear range of 10–500 μmol L⁻¹.
  • Achieved limits of detection and quantification of 2.5 and 8.3 μmol L⁻¹, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CF-TPE-ePAD provides a simple, inexpensive, and high-performance platform for flow injection analysis.
  • The device eliminates the need for external pumping systems or complex valves.
  • This approach shows promise for portable and rapid electrochemical sensing applications.