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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
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CHIP regulates skeletal development and postnatal bone growth.

Wenbo Wang1, Jun Li1, Frank C Ko2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|January 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase crucial for bone health. CHIP deficiency in mice leads to skeletal development defects and reduced bone mass, highlighting its importance in bone cells.

Keywords:
CHIPNF-κB signalingbone formationconditional knockoutskeletal development

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) functions as a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase.
  • CHIP influences the stability of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor proteins in bone cells.
  • Global CHIP knockout mice exhibit altered bone cell function and reduced bone mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CHIP in skeletal development and bone growth across different cell types and developmental stages.
  • To generate and characterize CHIP conditional knockout mouse models.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of Chipflox/flox mice.
  • Creation of Chip conditional knockout mouse models (ChipCMV and ChipOsxER).
  • Analysis of skeletal development and postnatal bone growth in conditional knockout mice.

Main Results:

  • Chip conditional knockout mice display significant defects in skeletal development.
  • Postnatal bone growth is impaired in CHIP-deficient mice.
  • Conditional knockout models enable cell-type and stage-specific investigation of CHIP function.

Conclusions:

  • CHIP plays a critical role in skeletal development and bone homeostasis.
  • CHIP conditional knockout mice are valuable tools for studying CHIP function in bone and other cell types.
  • Further research using these models will elucidate CHIP's specific mechanisms in skeletal biology.