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Single Day Outdoor Photometric Stereo.

Yannick Hold-Geoffroy, Paulo Gotardo, Jean-Francois Lalonde

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

|January 4, 2020

Summary

Outdoor photometric stereo (PS) is challenging. This study shows partially cloudy days enable calibrated PS, while sunny days require CNNs combining photometric cues with prior knowledge for accurate surface normal estimation.

Area of Science:

Computer Vision
Computational Imaging
Photometric Stereo

Background:

Outdoor photometric stereo (PS) is an ill-posed problem due to limited illumination variability.
Existing PS methods struggle with short capture intervals, typically requiring months of data.
Illumination conditions significantly impact the success of surface reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of outdoor PS within a single day under varying weather conditions.
To determine the relationship between weather, natural lighting, and surface reconstructability.
To develop a robust method for surface normal estimation from outdoor images captured in a single day.

Main Methods:

Analysis of weather's impact on surface reconstructability for existing PS algorithms.

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Demonstration of calibrated PS for Lambertian surfaces under partially cloudy conditions.

Development of a weakly-calibrated, CNN-based PS technique for sunny days, integrating photometric cues with prior knowledge.

Main Results:

Partially cloudy days enhance the conditioning of the outdoor PS problem, allowing accurate reconstruction of Lambertian surfaces with calibrated algorithms.
Sunny days present ambiguity, which is resolved by the CNN-based method using learned priors and photometric variations.
The proposed CNN method achieves high-quality surface normal estimation from single-day sunny images, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches without requiring precise geolocation.

Conclusions:

Weather significantly influences the success of outdoor photometric stereo.
Partially cloudy conditions are suitable for calibrated PS, while sunny conditions necessitate advanced techniques like CNNs.
The developed weakly-calibrated CNN-based PS method offers a robust solution for single-day outdoor surface reconstruction under challenging sunny lighting.