Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

548
Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
548
Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

7.2K
Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
7.2K
Signal and System01:26

Signal and System

1.5K
A signal x(t) is a set of data or a time function representing a variable of interest. Signals typically convey information about a phenomenon, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, human voice, television images, a dog's bark, or birdsongs. More generally, a signal can be a function of more than one independent variable. For instance, images depend on horizontal and vertical positions and can be regarded as two-dimensional signals. However, this text will focus on one-dimensional...
1.5K
Op Amp AC Circuits01:18

Op Amp AC Circuits

439
Within an audio system, the filter circuit plays a pivotal role in processing the amplified audio signal from an amplifier. Its primary function is significantly attenuating signal components with lower frequencies, thereby shaping the audio output. This circuit's operations are examined, focusing on the fundamental filter configuration. This configuration involves an operational amplifier arranged in an inverting setup coupled with resistors (R1 and R2) and a capacitor (C1).
439
Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

439
In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2....
439
Clamper Circuit01:14

Clamper Circuit

912
A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
912

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validation of Count-the-Dots audiogram approaches to calculating speech intelligibility indices.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

Evaluating Changes in Adult Cochlear Implant Users' Brain and Behavior Following Auditory Training.

Ear and hearing·2024
Same author

Longitudinal Electrocochleography as an Objective Measure of Serial Behavioral Audiometry in Electro-Acoustic Stimulation Patients.

Ear and hearing·2023
Same author

Acoustic Change Complex Recorded in Hybrid Cochlear Implant Users.

Audiology & neuro-otology·2022
Same author

Access and Polarization Electrode Impedance Changes in Electric-Acoustic Stimulation Cochlear Implant Users with Delayed Loss of Acoustic Hearing.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2021
Same author

Residual Hair Cell Responses in Electric-Acoustic Stimulation Cochlear Implant Users with Complete Loss of Acoustic Hearing After Implantation.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2021
Same journal

Vasopressin type-2 receptor mRNA expressions in endolymphatic sac and temporal bone cT findings in Meniere's disease.

Acta oto-laryngologica·2026
Same journal

The impact of climate and environmental factors on the incidence of Bell's palsy: a nationwide population study.

Acta oto-laryngologica·2026
Same journal

Association between low temporalis muscle thickness and chemoradiotherapy-induced leukopenia in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Acta oto-laryngologica·2026
Same journal

Auditory Outcomes After Simultaneous Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Resection and Cochlear Implantation: A Prospective Case Series.

Acta oto-laryngologica·2026
Same journal

CT imaging parameters of the oval window region can predict the extent of stapes footplate exposure in patients with otosclerosis.

Acta oto-laryngologica·2026
Same journal

Congenital middle ear anomalies: endoscopic outcomes, facial nerve anomalies, and bilateral consistency in 41 ears.

Acta oto-laryngologica·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
05:11

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition

Published on: June 27, 2025

550

A Signal Processing Scheme for Output Limitation.

Ruth A Bentler1, Chaslav V Pavlovic1, Paul J Abbas1

  • 1Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica
|January 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discomfort summation (S) increases with more complex stimuli for both normal and hearing-impaired listeners. This finding can inform digital hearing aid maximum output levels (MPO) for better sound quality.

Keywords:
digital hearing aidsdiscomfort summationsummation

More Related Videos

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.0K
Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
11:54

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
05:11

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition

Published on: June 27, 2025

550
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.0K
Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
11:54

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Hearing Science

Background:

  • Sensory-neural hearing impairment, often due to presbycusis, affects sound perception.
  • Complex auditory stimuli can lead to a summation of discomfort (S) in listeners.
  • Existing models do not fully explain how increased stimulus complexity impacts perceived discomfort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the relationship between stimulus complexity and discomfort summation in normal and hearing-impaired listeners.
  • To determine if this relationship differs between listener groups.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for digital hearing aid design.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included normal-hearing individuals and those with mild to moderate sensory-neural hearing loss.
  • Listeners were presented with complex auditory stimuli varying in the number of components or bandwidth.
  • Regression analysis was used to model the summation of discomfort (S) as a function of stimulus complexity (n).

Main Results:

  • A significant positive correlation was found between stimulus complexity and discomfort summation for both groups.
  • Regression equations revealed significant differences in discomfort summation between normal and hearing-impaired listeners (S=2.05+11.51 log n vs. S=3.95+12.88 log n).
  • The observed changes in perception were not adequately explained by stimulus power or amplitude peak density alone.

Conclusions:

  • Discomfort summation is a quantifiable phenomenon influenced by stimulus complexity in hearing.
  • Hearing-impaired listeners exhibit a different pattern of discomfort summation compared to normal listeners.
  • The derived regression equations offer a basis for optimizing maximum output levels (MPO) in digital hearing aids to enhance listener comfort.