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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
09:52

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Published on: September 20, 2016

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Tumor Microenvironment.

Borros Arneth1

  • 1Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|January 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The tumor microenvironment, crucial for cancer development, involves interactions between tumor and nonmalignant cells. Understanding these interactions is key to controlling malignancies and improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
cancercancer-microenvironmenttumortumor-growthtumor-microenvironment

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Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to tumorigenesis, influencing cancer development and progression through cellular interactions.
  • Nonmalignant cells within the TME play a critical role in promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation during carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review existing literature on the tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore the multifaceted concept of the TME and its components.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Articles were sourced from various medical and health databases.

Main Results:

  • The TME comprises malignant cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts.
  • These diverse cell types possess unique immunological functions impacting tumor survival and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The TME, including cancer stem cells, significantly contributes to tumor development and progression.
  • Targeting TME components offers a promising strategy for cancer treatment and achieving better patient outcomes.