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Rodolfo Vera-Amaro1, Mario Eduardo Rivero-Ángeles2, Alberto Luviano-Juárez1

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This study compares two data collection methods for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in remote animal monitoring. A mathematical model helps determine the optimal scheme based on energy consumption and buffer capacity for challenging environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Computer Science
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional remote monitoring using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) faces challenges in large, inaccessible habitats.
  • WSNs often have hop count limitations, and UAV data collection requires careful energy balancing.
  • Existing methods struggle with efficient data retrieval and energy management in extensive, difficult-to-access monitoring areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate two novel data collection schemes for clustered WSNs integrated with UAVs for animal monitoring.
  • To develop a mathematical model for analyzing the trade-offs between energy consumption and buffer capacity for each scheme.
  • To identify the most suitable data collection strategy based on specific environmental monitoring conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed two distinct data collection schemes: WSN-oriented (UAV visits all cluster heads) and UAV-oriented (UAV visits a single sink node).
  • Developed a mathematical model incorporating WSN dynamics and UAV operational parameters.
  • Analyzed system performance based on average energy consumption and buffer capacity.

Main Results:

  • The WSN-oriented scheme increases UAV flight time due to visiting multiple cluster heads.
  • The UAV-oriented scheme reduces UAV flight time but incurs higher overall system energy costs.
  • The mathematical model provides a framework for selecting the optimal scheme under varying conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The choice between WSN-oriented and UAV-oriented schemes depends on balancing UAV flight time against system energy expenditure.
  • The developed mathematical model is crucial for optimizing data collection strategies in WSN-UAV systems for environmental monitoring.
  • Effective energy management and buffer capacity are key considerations for successful long-term remote animal monitoring using these technologies.