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Area of Science:

  • Military Health
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Smoking rates are higher in U.S. Service members and veterans than civilians.
  • Smoking patterns during the military-to-veteran transition are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate smoking patterns among Service members transitioning out of the military.
  • To identify factors associated with smoking during military separation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study data (N=5,510) for individuals separating from service.
  • Generalized estimating equation models to assess smoking status in relation to time to separation and reason for separation.

Main Results:

  • Overall smoking prevalence decreased over the study period.
  • Increased odds of smoking were observed in the 3 months to 1 year period before separation (22% increase).
  • Separations due to military standards or judicial reasons were associated with a 69% increase in smoking compared to other reasons.

Conclusions:

  • The period immediately preceding military separation and specific separation reasons are linked to higher smoking odds.
  • Smoking cessation interventions should target Service members during their transition from military to veteran status.