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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion PHP with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver
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Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Current Perspectives And Case Presentation.

Zachary Spiritos1, Shakirat Salvador2, Diana Mosquera3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
|January 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a genetic metabolic disorder affecting heme biosynthesis, leading to toxic metabolite buildup. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for this potentially life-threatening hepatic porphyria.

Keywords:
acute intermittent porphyriaacute porphyriahepatic porphyria

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder.
  • It involves a deficiency in heme biosynthesis, primarily affecting the liver.
  • AIP results in the accumulation of neurotoxic heme metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of AIP.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches and management strategies for AIP.
  • To explore the role of liver transplantation in AIP treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on AIP.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

  • AIP is characterized by partial function of porphobiliogen deaminase (PBGD) due to genetic mutation.
  • Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and non-specific, including neuropathies and psychiatric symptoms.
  • Timely recognition and diagnosis are vital for effective therapy.

Conclusions:

  • AIP is a serious hepatic porphyria requiring careful diagnosis and management.
  • Understanding the disease's multifaceted aspects is key to patient care.
  • Liver transplantation is a potential therapeutic option for severe AIP cases.