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Preoperative Risk Factors Associated With PACU Pediatric Respiratory Complications: An Integrative Review

Myrna E Mamaril1

  • 1Perioperative Services Department, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.

Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses
|January 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Identifying preoperative risk factors is crucial for preventing pediatric respiratory complications in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). This review highlights key factors to guide perioperative care teams.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric respiratory complications in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) are a significant concern.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current scientific evidence on preoperative risk factors associated with pediatric respiratory complications in the PACU.
  • To synthesize findings to inform clinical practice and future research.

Main Methods:

  • An integrative review of literature published between 2006 and 2018.
  • Searches conducted across major biomedical databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, JBI).
  • Quality appraisal and evidence level assessment using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous preoperative and anesthesia-related risk factors.
  • Key categories include age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, airway and pulmonary comorbidities, syndromes, anomalies, obesity, and neurologic/cardiac conditions.
  • Evidence confirms associations between these factors and PACU respiratory complications.

Conclusions:

  • Preoperative risk factors significantly influence the occurrence of pediatric respiratory complications in the PACU.
  • Perioperative teams must proactively identify, assess, communicate, and manage these risks.
  • Emphasizes the need for a comprehensive management plan to mitigate complications.
Abstract

Keywords:
adverse eventspediatricpostanesthesia care unitpreoperativerespiratory complicationsrisk factors

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