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Oscillating steady-state imaging (OSSI): A novel method for functional MRI.

Shouchang Guo1, Douglas C Noll2

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|January 9, 2020
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Summary

Oscillating steady-state imaging (OSSI) enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI). This new method improves functional activation detection and temporal SNR compared to traditional gradient echo imaging.

Keywords:
BOLD contrastOscillating steady-state imaging (OSSI)functional MRIhigh SNRhigh-resolution

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Neuroimaging Techniques
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • High-resolution functional MRI (fMRI) is critical for understanding brain function.
  • Improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a key challenge in high-resolution fMRI.
  • Current SNR improvement methods have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel oscillating steady-state imaging (OSSI) technique for high-resolution fMRI.
  • To compare the SNR and functional activation detection capabilities of OSSI against conventional gradient echo (GRE) imaging.
  • To demonstrate OSSI's potential for improved fMRI performance.

Main Methods:

  • OSSI was developed by combining quadratic phase sequences with balanced gradients to generate a large, oscillating steady-state signal.
  • OSSI parameters were optimized using simulations and phantom studies.
  • 2D and 3D human fMRI data were acquired using both OSSI and GRE sequences for direct comparison.

Main Results:

  • OSSI demonstrated highly reproducible signal oscillations with greater signal strength than GRE.
  • OSSI yielded a 1.84-fold increase in visual cortex activation detection compared to GRE.
  • Temporal SNR was improved by a factor of 1.83 with OSSI, alongside similar T2-weighting and additional T2*-weighting.

Conclusions:

  • OSSI is a novel acquisition method that produces a large, oscillating, and T2-weighted signal suitable for fMRI.
  • The steady-state signal generated by OSSI offers higher signal strength than GRE, leading to improved functional activity detection and SNR for high-resolution fMRI.