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Evolution of highly pathogenic H7N3 avian influenza viruses in Mexico

Nídia Sequeira Trovão1, Guadalupe Ayora Talavera2, Martha I Nelson1

  • 1Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Zoonoses and Public Health
|January 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Highly pathogenic H7N3 avian influenza A viruses in Mexican poultry have diversified since 2012. These viruses show resistance to adamantane drugs and possess a unique HA cleavage site insertion.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Highly pathogenic H7N3 influenza A viruses have been endemic in Mexican poultry since 2012.
  • Viral diversification has led to multiple lineages spreading across several Mexican states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the genetic and epidemiological features of H7N3 influenza A viruses in Mexican poultry.
  • To investigate the origins of specific genetic traits, such as drug resistance and HA cleavage site mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of viral gene sequences.
  • Analysis of mutations associated with antiviral drug resistance.
  • Identification of genetic insertions and their potential origins.

Main Results:

  • H7N3 viruses in 2016 segregated into three geographically structured clades.
  • All analyzed 2016 viruses exhibited resistance to adamantane antiviral drugs.
  • A 24-nucleotide insertion at the HA cleavage site, acquired from host 28S ribosomal RNA, was consistently observed.

Conclusions:

  • The H7N3 influenza A virus in Mexican poultry presents a complex and evolving epidemiological situation.
  • Antiviral resistance and unique genetic adaptations are significant features of these circulating viruses.
  • The acquisition of host 28S ribosomal RNA sequences highlights novel evolutionary mechanisms in avian influenza viruses.
Keywords:
BEASTH7N3H7N3 subtypeavian influenza virusevolutionary dynamicsinfluenza in birdsphylogenetics

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