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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Optimized Automated Method for Investigating Retinoic Acid Receptors in Neuronal Mitochondria

Author Spotlight: An Optimized Automated Method for Investigating Retinoic Acid Receptors in Neuronal Mitochondria

Published on: July 28, 2023

Metal complexes for mitochondrial bioimaging.

Ruilin Guan¹, Lina Xie¹, Thomas W Rees¹

¹MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

|January 10, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transition metal complexes offer advanced mitochondria imaging. Platinum, ruthenium, and iridium probes enable visualization of cellular processes and micro-environmental changes within mitochondria.

Keywords:

Bioimaging Metal complex Mitochondria

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Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum Imaging by Correlative Light and Volume Electron Microscopy

Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum Imaging by Correlative Light and Volume Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Microscopy

Background:

Mitochondria are vital organelles regulating cell growth, death, and proliferation.
Advanced microscopy techniques like confocal, FLIM/PLIM, and super-resolution are crucial for visualizing mitochondrial functions.
Transition metal complexes are ideal probes due to photostability, large Stokes shifts, tunable structures, and long luminescence lifetimes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of transition metal complexes as mitochondria-targeting probes.
To highlight their use in detecting micro-environmental alterations within mitochondria.
To discuss their role in imaging mitochondrial signaling molecules.

Main Methods:

Focus on platinum, ruthenium, and iridium complexes.
Utilize advanced imaging techniques (confocal, FLIM/PLIM, super-resolution).
Analyze probe properties like photostability, Stokes shifts, and luminescence lifetimes.

Main Results:

Transition metal complexes exhibit excellent photophysical properties for mitochondrial imaging.
These probes effectively detect micro-environmental changes within mitochondria.
They enable the imaging of specific signaling molecules inside mitochondria.

Conclusions:

Platinum, ruthenium, and iridium complexes are powerful tools for mitochondrial research.
These probes advance the understanding of mitochondrial biochemistry and signaling.
Their application in advanced microscopy enhances cellular process visualization.