Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

342
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
342
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

786
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
786
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.0K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.0K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

838
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
838
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

1.1K
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
1.1K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.4K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Unintentional benzodiazepine use and frequency of drug checking service utilization: a cross-sectional study.

Harm reduction journal·2026
Same author

Methodological innovations to advance substance use disorder research: Proceedings of a NIDA workshop on target trial emulation and translational testing of digital health tools.

Journal of substance use and addiction treatment·2026
Same author

"Once I started going… I had this central wheel hub": Drivers of overdose prevention center engagement and connections to care in Rhode Island.

The International journal on drug policy·2026
Same author

Healthcare provider approaches to managing the health harms of xylazine: A qualitative study.

Journal of substance use and addiction treatment·2026
Same author

Documenting the Emergence of Xylazine Among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island: An Analysis of Dried Blood Spot Samples.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same author

Identification of distinct stimulant use trajectories and patterns of overdose.

Addictive behaviors reports·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Buruli ulcer in Africa: between innovation and pragmatism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Atopic dermatitis.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

21.7K

Opioid use disorder.

John Strang1,2, Nora D Volkow3, Louisa Degenhardt4

  • 1National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. john.strang@kcl.ac.uk.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|January 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a complex brain disorder. Effective treatments like medication and support groups improve recovery, but relapse remains a risk, highlighting the need for continued scientific research.

More Related Videos

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.7K
Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

21.7K
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.7K
Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing condition impacting brain reward and anti-reward circuits.
  • OUD poses immense individual and public health burdens, with millions affected globally and high annual overdose deaths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of OUD pathophysiology and treatment efficacy.
  • To highlight the importance of evidence-based interventions and ongoing scientific research in combating OUD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on OUD.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting various treatment modalities for OUD.
  • Discussion of challenges in OUD prevention and treatment delivery.

Main Results:

  • Long-term opioid agonist therapy (methadone, buprenorphine) is highly effective and life-saving.
  • Naltrexone is under investigation; community strategies and harm reduction have some support.
  • Detoxification alone lacks scientific evidence for OUD treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence-based treatments are crucial for OUD recovery.
  • Addressing comorbidities, support systems, and public perception is vital.
  • Continued scientific research is essential for improving future OUD prevention and treatment.