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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

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Published on: October 17, 2018

Changes in Lymphocyte Composition and Functionality After Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise in Rats.

Sheila Estruel-Amades^1,2, Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias^1,2, Marta Périz^1,2

¹Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Frontiers in Physiology

|January 11, 2020

Summary

Intensive exercise training alters immune cell distribution and function in rats. Long-term training significantly impacts spleen lymphocyte composition and immune responses, affecting cytokine profiles and immunoglobulin levels.

Keywords:

blood cytokines immunoglobulins lymphocytes physical activity spleen thymus

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Finger-stick Blood Sampling Methodology for the Determination of Exercise-induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis

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Published on: February 24, 2011

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Finger-stick Blood Sampling Methodology for the Determination of Exercise-induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis

Finger-stick Blood Sampling Methodology for the Determination of Exercise-induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis

Published on: February 24, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Exercise Physiology
Animal Models

Background:

Strenuous exercise can negatively impact the immune system.
The specific effects of exercise intensity on lymphocyte dynamics are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of intensive training programs on lymphocyte composition and function in Wistar rats.
To analyze changes in blood, thymus, and spleen following short-term and long-term intensive exercise protocols.

Main Methods:

Two intensive training programs: a 2-week short program (S-TE) and a 5-week long program (T, TE, TE24 groups).
Analysis of lymphocyte populations in blood, thymus, and spleen.
Assessment of spleen cell function, cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6), and serum immunoglobulin (IgG) levels.

Main Results:

Long-term training reduced spleen NK and NKT cells.
Lymphoproliferative activity decreased after prolonged training but increased immediately post-exhaustion.
Altered cytokine profiles (decreased IFN-γ/IL-10, increased IL-6) and elevated serum IgG were observed after 5 weeks of training.

Conclusions:

Five weeks of intensive training significantly altered lymphocyte distribution and function in lymphoid tissues.
Exercise intensity and duration play a crucial role in modulating immune cell dynamics and systemic immune responses.