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Related Experiment Video

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Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Reveals Significantly Enriched Pathways in Canine Oral Melanoma.

Ginevra Brocca1, Serena Ferraresso1, Clarissa Zamboni1

  • 1Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy.

Frontiers in Oncology
|January 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Canine oral melanoma (COM) shares genomic similarities with human mucosal melanoma (hMM). This study identified common chromosomal alterations and affected pathways, offering insights for targeted therapies in both canine and human cancers.

Keywords:
angiogenesisarray comparative genomic hybridizationcanine oral melanomacomparative oncologycopy number aberrationsmucosal melanomapathway enrichment analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Oncology
  • Veterinary medicine

Background:

  • Human mucosal melanoma (hMM) is an aggressive cancer distinct from cutaneous melanoma, characterized by chromosomal aberrations.
  • Canine oral melanoma (COM) is the most common oral tumor in dogs and shares clinical and histological similarities with hMM.
  • Establishing reliable animal models is crucial for understanding hMM due to case scarcity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genomic DNA alterations in Canine Oral Melanoma (COM).
  • To compare COM's genomic profile with Human Mucosal Melanoma (hMM).
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing affected biological pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) was performed on 19 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) COM samples.
  • Recurrent Copy Number Aberrations (CNAs) were analyzed using GISTIC2.0.
  • Pathway-enrichment analysis was conducted using ClueGO to identify perturbed biological processes.

Main Results:

  • Recurrent gained regions were found on chromosomes CFA 10, 13, and 30; lost regions on CFA 10, 11, 22, and 30.
  • COM and hMM share common chromosomal changes in 32 regions.
  • MAPK- and PI3K-related genes were frequently involved, with significant perturbation of immune response, drug metabolism, melanocyte homeostasis, and neo-angiogenesis pathways.

Conclusions:

  • COM exhibits significant genomic alterations, including whole chromosome gains/losses and specific regional trends.
  • Shared chromosomal changes between COM and hMM highlight COM as a relevant model for hMM research.
  • The identified involvement of neovascularization pathways in COM suggests potential for novel anti-cancer targeted therapies.