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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification ChIRP
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Roles for Non-coding RNAs in Spatial Genome Organization.

Negin Khosraviani1, Lauren A Ostrowski1, Karim Mekhail1,2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, MaRS Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|January 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of spatial genome organization, influencing gene expression, cell survival, and nuclear architecture. Their roles in tethering chromosomes and forming nuclear compartments are vital for genome stability and human health.

Keywords:
Cajal bodies (CBs)DNA repeatsnon-coding RNAnuclear organizationnucleolus

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The spatial arrangement of genetic loci within the cell nucleus is non-random.
  • This organization is critical for genome expression, stability, and cell survival.
  • Factors like the nuclear envelope, genetic elements, and protein complexes maintain nuclear order.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating spatial genome organization.
  • To explore the impact of ncRNAs on gene expression, cell survival, and nuclear structure.
  • To highlight the connection between ncRNA-mediated genome organization and human health/disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing research.
  • Examination of studies on ncRNAs from single-copy and repetitive DNA loci.
  • Synthesis of findings on ncRNA roles in perinuclear tethering, nuclear compartments, and chromatin looping.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs play significant roles in spatial genome organization.
  • ncRNAs impact chromosome tethering to the nuclear envelope.
  • ncRNAs influence the formation of major nuclear compartments and chromatin looping structures.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are central regulators of spatial genome organization.
  • Transcription of ncRNAs is key to modulating genome architecture.
  • Dysregulation of ncRNA-mediated genome organization is linked to human diseases.