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Intraocular leiomyoma: Current concepts.

Ankit Singh Tomar1, Paul T Finger1, Codrin E Iacob2

  • 1The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|January 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intraocular leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors. Histopathology with smooth muscle actin staining is crucial for differentiating pigmented tumors from uveal melanoma, guiding treatment for vision preservation.

Keywords:
actinbenignimmunohistochemistryleiomyomamelanomauvea

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Intraocular leiomyomas are rare benign smooth muscle tumors of the uvea.
  • Previous descriptions are limited to case reports and small case series.

Observation:

  • This study adds 3 new cases, totaling 80, with a mean age of 35.8 years.
  • Tumor location varied by sex: ciliary body more common in females, iris/choroid in males.
  • Pigmentation varied: iris/choroid tumors mostly amelanotic, ciliary body tumors often brown.

Findings:

  • Pigmented uveal leiomyomas can mimic uveal melanoma clinically.
  • Ultrasound shows low to moderate internal reflectivity; specific high-frequency ultrasound localized tumors.
  • Increased metabolic activity was noted on physiologic imaging, typically seen in malignancy.

Implications:

  • Histopathology with immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Distinguishing leiomyoma from melanoma is critical for appropriate treatment planning.
  • Treatment decisions consider diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and prognosis for vision and globe preservation.