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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Spatiotemporal control of gene expression boundaries using a feedforward loop.

Prasad U Bandodkar1, Hadel Al Asafen1, Gregory T Reeves1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|January 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Feedforward loops (FFLs) buffer fluctuations in morphogen signals, ensuring stable gene expression boundaries in biological tissues. This study reveals FFLs

Keywords:
Drosophila embryoTwistZeldadorsal morphogenfeedforward loopgene expression modelspatiotemporal dynamicstranscription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Feedforward loops (FFLs) are common network motifs in biological systems.
  • FFL studies typically focus on temporal signal variation, with limited exploration in spatial systems like morphogen-mediated tissue patterning.
  • Morphogen gradients often exhibit temporal evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of a coherent feedforward loop (FFL).
  • To analyze FFL behavior in both generic oscillating morphogen gradients and specific developmental contexts, such as Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of FFLs in spatiotemporal systems.
  • Analysis of morphogen gradient dynamics and gene expression patterns.
  • Inclusion of key regulatory factors like Zelda in developmental models.

Main Results:

  • Identified FFL dynamics, including phase difference and noise filtering, that are intrinsic to the FFL structure.
  • Demonstrated that FFLs buffer fluctuations in morphogen signals, leading to stable gene expression boundaries.
  • Highlighted the essential role of the maternal factor Zelda for accurate target gene expression in Drosophila patterning.

Conclusions:

  • Feedforward loops act as crucial buffering mechanisms against morphogen signal fluctuations.
  • FFLs ensure robust and stable gene expression boundaries essential for developmental processes.
  • The structural properties of FFLs confer inherent stability, independent of specific parameterization.