Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

2.2K
Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
2.2K
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

4.1K
A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
4.1K
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

5.3K
Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
5.3K
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles

4.1K
Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
4.1K
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

4.3K
The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
4.3K
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

5.1K
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Value of Trichoscopy and Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Post-COVID-19 Telogen Effluvium.

Skin appendage disorders·2026
Same author

Occipital short anagen syndrome: Epidemiological, clinical and trichoscopy features of a case series.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2026
Same author

Retronychia Inversa: Insights Into a Newly Defined Nail Condition.

International journal of dermatology·2026
Same author

Development of a Core Outcome Domain Set for Facial Aging.

JAMA dermatology·2026
Same author

Platelet-Rich Plasma Devices in Dermatology.

Dermatologic clinics·2026
Same author

Emerging pharmacotherapies for androgenetic alopecia.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis
06:41

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis

Published on: March 9, 2015

9.3K

Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution.

Jacob Griggs1, Ralph M Trüeb2, Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias3

  • 1Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|January 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) is a scarring alopecia with features of androgenetic alopecia and lichen planopilaris. Early diagnosis and combined therapies targeting inflammation and hair growth are crucial for managing FAPD.

Keywords:
FAPDandrogenetic alopeciacentral centrifugal cicatricial alopeciacicatricial alopeciafibrosing alopecia in a pattern distributionfrontal fibrosing alopecialichen planopilarisscarring alopecia

More Related Videos

Mechanical and Controlled PRP Injections in Patients Affected by Androgenetic Alopecia
03:22

Mechanical and Controlled PRP Injections in Patients Affected by Androgenetic Alopecia

Published on: January 27, 2018

15.5K
Flat Mount Imaging of Mouse Skin and Its Application to the Analysis of Hair Follicle Patterning and Sensory Axon Morphology
13:58

Flat Mount Imaging of Mouse Skin and Its Application to the Analysis of Hair Follicle Patterning and Sensory Axon Morphology

Published on: June 25, 2014

22.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis
06:41

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis

Published on: March 9, 2015

9.3K
Mechanical and Controlled PRP Injections in Patients Affected by Androgenetic Alopecia
03:22

Mechanical and Controlled PRP Injections in Patients Affected by Androgenetic Alopecia

Published on: January 27, 2018

15.5K
Flat Mount Imaging of Mouse Skin and Its Application to the Analysis of Hair Follicle Patterning and Sensory Axon Morphology
13:58

Flat Mount Imaging of Mouse Skin and Its Application to the Analysis of Hair Follicle Patterning and Sensory Axon Morphology

Published on: June 25, 2014

22.3K

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Trichology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) is a recently identified condition.
  • It shares features with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and lichen planopilaris.
  • A review of current literature on FAPD is presented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on FAPD.
  • To consolidate understanding of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive PubMed searches were conducted to identify relevant articles on FAPD.
  • References from identified articles were cross-referenced to find additional studies.

Main Results:

  • A total of 15 articles were analyzed, encompassing 188 patients (164 women, 24 men).
  • The average age of affected individuals was 53.8 years.

Conclusions:

  • FAPD affects androgen-dependent scalp areas, showing hair follicle miniaturization and features of both lichen planopilaris and AGA.
  • It may result from an exaggerated inflammatory response to AGA-triggered follicular damage.
  • Diagnosis relies on physical examination, trichoscopy, and biopsy; misdiagnosis as AGA with seborrheic dermatitis is possible. Combined anti-inflammatory and hair growth-promoting therapies are suggested.