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Higher-order processing and change-to-automaticity as explanations of the item-position effect in reasoning tests
Karl Schweizer1, Florian Zeller1, Siegbert Reiß1
1Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Psychology, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60323 Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
Abstract:
Higher-order processing and learning are two alternative explanations of the item-position effect. Whereas higher-order processing as explanation emphasizes the recruitment of executive processes, learning as explanation highlights the improvement in performance due to repetition and is specified as change-to-automaticity. In a sample of 287 participants the item-position effect was captured by means of Advanced Progressive Matrices. Higher-order processing was inferred from rule acquisition, and change-to-automaticity was derived from sustained attention data. The results of independent investigations revealed that both higher-order processing and change-to-automaticity contributed to the occurrence of the item-position effect.
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