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Mini-review of waste shell-derived materials' applications
1School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK.
Summary
Waste shells offer a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional materials. Utilizing these shells in applications like cement and catalysts reduces environmental impact and manufacturing costs.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Environmental Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
Background:
- Traditional material sourcing causes ecological damage and high energy consumption.
- Waste shells (seashells, eggshells, etc.) present an underutilized renewable resource.
- Current disposal methods for waste shells contribute to environmental burdens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize the diverse applications of waste shell-derived biomaterials.
- To highlight the environmental sustainability benefits of using waste shells.
- To identify future research directions and scale-up opportunities for waste shell applications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of published articles on waste shell applications.
- Analysis of waste shell properties and their comparison to conventional materials.
- Discussion of waste shell suitability for various industrial and biomedical uses.
Main Results:
- Waste shells are chemically similar to limestone, rich in calcium carbonate.
- Applications include heterogeneous catalysts, cement, concrete aggregate, ceramics, plastics additives, biofilters, and biomedical materials.
- Waste shell utilization reduces manufacturing costs and environmental liabilities.
Conclusions:
- Waste shell-derived biomaterials offer a sustainable and economical alternative.
- Their properties make them highly favorable for cement production, catalysis, and hydroxyapatite manufacturing.
- Further research and scaling up of existing applications are recommended.
