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Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

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Published on: March 14, 2021

pH Biosensing by PI4P Regulates Cargo Sorting at the TGN.

John J H Shin¹, Peter Liu², Leslie J Chan²

¹Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.

Developmental Cell

|January 14, 2020

Summary

Phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate act as pH biosensors. This pH sensing regulates protein sorting and cell growth, linking metabolism to membrane trafficking.

Keywords:

Osh1 PH domains PI4P Tat2 cytoplasmic pH membrane contact sites pH biosensing phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate sterol trafficking trans-Golgi Network

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Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Lipid Signaling
Membrane Trafficking

Background:

Phosphoinositides and related lipids are key membrane signaling molecules.
Their phosphomonoester headgroups have physiological pKa values, enabling pH sensing.
Phosphatidic acid is known to function as a pH biosensor.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) also acts as a pH biosensor.
To determine the role of PI4P pH biosensing in the yeast trans-Golgi network (TGN).
To explore the connection between pH sensing, lipid transfer, and cell growth.

Main Methods:

Studied the binding of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains to PI4P in yeast TGN.
Assessed the dependence of this binding on intracellular pH.
Investigated the role of Osh1, an oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family member, in sterol transfer.

Main Results:

Binding of PH domains to TGN PI4P is pH-dependent, confirming PI4P as a pH biosensor.
This pH biosensing is influenced by nutrient availability.
PI4P pH sensing regulates sterol transfer to the TGN by Osh1.

Conclusions:

TGN PI4P functions as a pH biosensor, directly linking intracellular pH to membrane trafficking.
This mechanism regulates protein sorting and sterol transfer at the TGN.
Metabolic status, via pH changes, directly controls cell growth through PI4P-mediated regulation of protein trafficking.