Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

629
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
629
Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

78.1K
The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
78.1K
Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

6.7K
Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
6.7K
Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:07

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

118.7K
Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor chloroplasts—the vital organelles where photosynthesis takes place. In plants, the highest density of chloroplasts is found in the mesophyll cells of leaves.
118.7K
The Calvin Cycle01:40

The Calvin Cycle

82.5K
OverviewOxygenic photosynthesis plays a central role in the global carbon and oxygen cycles. The carbohydrates produced support nearly all food webs, while the oxygen by‑product enables aerobic life.Light‑dependent and light‑independent reactionsPhotosynthesis occurs in two main stages, each in a different part of the chloroplast: light‑dependent reactions and light‑independent reactions, also called the Calvin‑Benson cycle or simply the Calvin...
82.5K
Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

614
Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
614

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Design and analysis of modified octagonal ring-shaped MIMO antenna with connected ground for 5G sub-6 GHz n79, Wi-Fi 5, and Wi-Fi 6E band applications.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Gain-enhanced petal-shaped MIMO antenna system with FSS loading for sub-6 GHz V2X communications.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A Case of Fatal Non-Clostridial Gas Gangrene Following Intramuscular Injection: A Diagnostic Challenge and Dilemma at Autopsy.

Academic forensic pathology·2024
Same author

Responses of Phytoplankton Benthic Propagules to Macronutrient Enrichment and Varying Light Intensities: Elucidation from Monsoon-Influenced Mandovi and Zuari Riverine System : Responses of Phytoplankton Benthic Propagules to Macronutrient Enrichment and Varying Light Intensities: Elucidation from Monsoon-Influenced Mandovi and Zuari Riverine System.

Microbial ecology·2022
Same author

Dinoflagellates cyst assemblage concerning trophic index for eutrophication from major ports along the west coast of India.

Marine pollution bulletin·2022
Same author

Short term response of plankton community to nutrient enrichment in central eastern Arabian Sea: Elucidation through mesocosm experiments.

Journal of environmental management·2021
Same journal

Explainable machine learning deciphers and quantifies material-microbe-methane pathways in zero-valent iron-enhanced anaerobic digestion.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same journal

Linking nitrogen transformations and soil δ<sup>15</sup>N to assess drivers of nitrogen losses across a tropical peat swamp forest and an oil palm plantation.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same journal

Implications of electric mobility on health and environmental justice.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same journal

Riverine nitrous oxide dynamics across China: Scale-dependent patterns and environmental controls.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same journal

Co-composting and organic amendments as tools to accelerate soil maturation in purple soils: Insights into soil properties and agricultural potential.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same journal

Cadmium pollution alters the priming effect of biochar application on soil organic carbon mineralization.

Journal of environmental management·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer
07:03

Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer

Published on: November 12, 2021

2.6K

Phytoplankton chlorophyll-breakdown pathway: Implication in ecosystem assessment.

K Sathish1, J S Patil1, A C Anil1

  • 1CSIR, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India.

Journal of Environmental Management
|January 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals distinct chlorophyll breakdown pathways in water columns across diverse ecosystems. The pheophorbide to pheophytin ratio serves as a proxy for identifying dominant chlorophyll breakdown modes, impacting ballast water management and algal bloom research.

Keywords:
EstuaryFreshwaterMarinePheophorbidePheophytinPhytoplankton-chlorophyll-breakdown-pathway

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
08:15

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.7K
A Small Volume Bioassay to Assess Bacterial/Phytoplankton Co-culture Using WATER-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated WATER-PAM Fluorometry
09:54

A Small Volume Bioassay to Assess Bacterial/Phytoplankton Co-culture Using WATER-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated WATER-PAM Fluorometry

Published on: March 11, 2015

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer
07:03

Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer

Published on: November 12, 2021

2.6K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
08:15

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.7K
A Small Volume Bioassay to Assess Bacterial/Phytoplankton Co-culture Using WATER-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated WATER-PAM Fluorometry
09:54

A Small Volume Bioassay to Assess Bacterial/Phytoplankton Co-culture Using WATER-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated WATER-PAM Fluorometry

Published on: March 11, 2015

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Chlorophyll breakdown pathways (Chl-BP) are crucial for understanding aquatic ecosystem dynamics.
  • Information on Chl-BP in the water column is limited compared to sediments.
  • Biotic factors like grazing and senescence influence chlorophyll degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate seasonal chlorophyll-breakdown-pathways (Chl-BP) in eight major ports.
  • To analyze the distribution of chlorophyll and its breakdown products (pheophytin, pheophorbide) across freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems.
  • To evaluate the pheophorbide:pheophytin ratio as a proxy for dominant Chl-BP and its ecological implications.

Main Methods:

  • Seasonal sampling across 18-30 stations per port in diverse aquatic environments.
  • Quantification of chlorophyll, pheophytin, and pheophorbide concentrations.
  • Calculation of the pheophorbide:pheophytin ratio to infer breakdown pathways.

Main Results:

  • Distinct spatial and seasonal variations in chlorophyll and breakdown fractions were observed.
  • Freshwater/estuarine ports showed high pheophytin (senescence), while marine ports exhibited high pheophorbide (grazing).
  • The pheophorbide:pheophytin ratio varied significantly across ecosystems, correlating with dominant phytoplankton (diatoms) and breakdown modes.

Conclusions:

  • The pheophorbide:pheophytin ratio effectively indicates whether chlorophyll breakdown is dominated by senescence or grazing.
  • Findings have implications for ballast water management (BWM) by assessing tank conditions and discharge risks.
  • Understanding Chl-BP is vital for algal bloom research, including fate assessment and control strategies.