Gain-enhanced petal-shaped MIMO antenna system with FSS loading for sub-6 GHz V2X communications

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetics and Wireless Communication
• Antenna Engineering
• Metamaterials

Background:

• Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication requires robust and efficient antenna systems.
• Existing MIMO antennas face challenges in achieving high gain and isolation for diverse V2X applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design and validate a compact, dual-port, petal-shaped MIMO antenna for V2X communication.
• To enhance antenna performance, specifically gain and isolation, using a frequency-selective surface (FSS) array.
• To evaluate the antenna's suitability for various V2X scenarios including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I).

Main Methods:

• A compact dual-port petal-shaped MIMO antenna was designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate.
• A frequency-selective surface array (FSS_V2X) was integrated to improve gain.
• Discontinuous rectangular strips were strategically placed to enhance isolation between antenna ports.
• Key performance metrics including gain, isolation, and diversity parameters (ECC, DG, TARC, CCL) were measured.

Main Results:

• The FSS-loaded MIMO antenna achieved a peak realized gain of 7.58 dBi within the 4.12-6.92 GHz operating bandwidth.
• Measured isolation exceeded 25.0 dB.
• Excellent diversity performance was recorded with ECC_V2X < 0.50, DG_V2X > 9.95 dB, TARC_V2X < 0.0 dB, and CCL_V2X < 0.40 b/s/Hz.

Conclusions:

• The proposed FSS-loaded MIMO antenna demonstrates superior performance characteristics.
• Its compact size, high gain, excellent isolation, and favorable diversity parameters make it a strong candidate for V2X communication systems.
• The antenna is well-suited for V2V, V2P, and V2I applications, contributing to enhanced road safety and traffic efficiency.