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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Long Noncoding RNAs in Cardiac Development.

Michael Alexanian1, Samir Ounzain2

  • 1Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|January 15, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for heart development, controlling gene expression during cell differentiation. This review details lncRNA functions and their implications in cardiovascular disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Transcriptional control is vital for heart development and cell differentiation.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in these developmental processes.
  • Recent studies highlight the complex noncoding transcriptional landscape in cardiac development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expanding roles of lncRNAs in cardiac development, from early stages to adult heart cell maturation.
  • To outline the mechanisms by which cardiovascular lncRNAs regulate transcriptional programs.
  • To discuss challenges in studying lncRNAs in developmental phenotypes and their implications in human cardiovascular disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNAs in cardiac development.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and future directions.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are implicated in cell-fate determination and differentiation during heart development.
  • Diverse lncRNAs orchestrate transcriptional programs across various cardiac cell types.
  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their functional importance in the heart.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are key regulators of cardiac development and differentiation.
  • Understanding lncRNA mechanisms offers insights into cardiovascular disorders.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in lncRNA developmental studies.